Día de la Mujer: su origen y por qué se conmemora el 8 de marzo
El origen
Según diversos historiadores el origen de El Día Internacional de la Mujer nace desde principios del siglo XX. Pero eso no quiere decir que años anteriores las mujeres no buscaban acceder a los mismos derechos que los hombres tenían. De hecho a finales del siglo XIX donde el mundo veía el nacimiento de la industrialización las mujeres salieron a marchar para obtener trabajos, mejores salarios y un horario laboral digno y no explotador.
Es en 1908, que se da una huelga masiva. Alrededor de15.000 mujeres marcharon por la ciudad de Nueva York exigiendo lo que tanto anhelaban: horarios más cortos, mejores salarios y derecho al voto.
En 1910 en una Conferencia Internacional de Mujeres Trabajadoras en Copenhague, Clara Zetkin activista comunista de Dinamarca y defensora de los derechos de la mujer fue quien sugirió la creación de un día internacional y las 100 mujeres presentes en aquella conferencia, quienes además eran procedentes de 17 países, aceptaron la propuesta por unanimidad. Este día se celebró por primera vez el 19 de marzo de 1911 en Austria, Dinamarca, Alemania y Suiza.
Luego el primer Día Nacional de la Mujer se observó en los Estados Unidos el 28 de febrero. Así que para EE.UU. el día se celebró el último domingo de febrero hasta 1913.
Sin embargo, no fue hasta 1975 que las Naciones Unidas hicieron oficial el día y lo celebraron. Y en 1996 se creó el primer tema anual denominado “Celebrando el pasado, planificando para el futuro”.
¿Por qué se conmemora el 8 de marzo?
Esta es una fecha muy importante que no mencionamos en la parte de arriba y el origen de la fecha escogida está en el año 1917, cuando las mujeres rusas hicieron huelgas en las que exigían “pan y paz” en medio de la guerra. Es así que las féminas del Kremlin comenzaron a celebrar dicho día el 23 de febrero, que caía el último domingo del mes en mención.
Pronto, se acordó que el Día Internacional de la Mujer se marcaría anualmente el 8 de marzo según el calendario gregoriano (calendario universal), ya que en coincidía con el 23 de febrero del calendario juliano (que en aquellos años manejaba Rusia). Desde entonces, el Día Internacional de la Mujer se celebra el 8 de marzo.
Como ya lo mencionamos la ONU recién reconoció el día a nivel mundial en 1975.
Sin embargo, hay otro precedente importante que sucedió el 8 de marzo de 1857, donde cientos de mujeres llamadas “garment workers” organizaron una huelga para que se les reconozca salarios dignos, pero al alzar su voz fueron reducidas por la policía de Nueva York.
El 25 de marzo de 1911 una tragedia enlutó a cientos de familias. La fábrica de Triangle Shirtwaist en Nueva York se incendió y 123 trabajadores inmigrantes en su mayoría de Europa del Este e Italia, murieron calcinadas. La víctima más adulta tenía 43 años y la más joven, 14 años.
El dolor se convirtió en motor para exigir una igualdad de derechos entre mujeres y hombres.
Lema del día de la mujer 2022
Como en todos los años, la ONU decreta lemas para fortalecer la igualdad de género y este año (2022) el lema designado es el siguiente:
“Igualdad de género hoy para un mañana sostenible”. Con esta frase la ONU, en cada evento que realice, reconocerá cómo las mujeres de todo el mundo están respondiendo al cambio climático.
Este año se cumplen 111 años de lucha reconocida y definitivamente el rol de la mujer ha tomado protagonismo, pero aún existen indicadores que demuestran que el avance necesita de mayor trabajo (por las autoridades y sociedad) y visibilidad.
Movilizaciones y marchas
En todo el país habrá movilizaciones para reclamar “una vida digna” en el marco del Día de la Mujer. En la ciudad de Paraná, este martes se realizará una marcha que saldrá desde la Plaza de Mayo y se dirigirá hasta Casa de Gobierno. La concentración comenzará a las 18 y la movilización a las 18:30.
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